常见食物

• apple
• banana
• tomato
• potato
• chicken
• beef
• rice
• egg
• bread
• milk
• water
• fish
• carrot
• onion
• garlic

五官气味

• fragrant
• smelly
• aromatic
• pungent
• sweet
• sour
• fresh
• rancid

烹饪方法

• boil
• fry
• bake
• steam
• grill
• roast
• stir-fry
• simmer
• poach
• toast
• stew

香料佐料

• salt
• pepper
• sugar
• soy sauce
• vinegar
• oil
• ginger
• garlic
• onion
• soy
• ketchup
• mustard
• oyster sauce
• sesame oil
• chili sauce
• mayonnaise
• salad dressing
• hoisin sauce
• worcestershire sauce
• stock
• broth
• cornstarch
• sesame

锅碗瓢盆

• pot
• pan
• bowl
• plate
• knife
• spoon
• fork
• cup
• cutting board
• colander
• whisk
• ladle
• spatula
• peeler
• grater
• tongs
• measuring cup
• can opener
• thermometer
• aluminum foil
• plastic wrap
• kitchen scale
• baking tray
• rolling pin

厨房电器与设备

• refrigerator
• fridge
• oven
• microwave
• stove
• dishwasher
• toaster
• blender
• food processor
• electric kettle
• coffee maker
• air fryer

烘焙相关

• flour
• yeast
• baking powder
• baking soda
• dough
• batter

味道与口感

• savory
• bitter
• spicy
• salty
• umami
• crunchy
• crispy
• tender
• chewy
• creamy

动作

• cut
• chop
• slice
• dice
• stir
• mix
• peel
• grate
• beat
• whisk
• boil
• fry
• marinate
• mince
• tenderize
• squeeze
• knead
• sprinkle
• decorate
• season
• preheat
• glaze

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场景一：烹饪准备 (Cooking Preparation)

Characters:

• Anna: 正在做饭的人
• Ben: 安娜的朋友，来帮忙

Dialogue:

• Ben: Hey Anna, something smells fragrant! What are you cooking?

• Anna: I'm stir-frying some chicken with garlic and ginger. Could you chop these onions and carrots for me?

• Ben: Sure! Where's the cutting board and a sharp knife?

• Anna: They're in the drawer. I've already peeled the carrots. Just dice them into small pieces.

• Ben: Okay. Do you need me to mince the garlic as well?

• Anna: Yes, please! I have already marinated the chicken with soy sauce, salt, and a little sugar.

• Ben: Great. I love how tender the meat gets after marinating.

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场景一语法讲解与原型

1. 时态 (Tenses):

   • 现在进行时 (Present Continuous): "What are you cooking?" / "I'm stir-frying..." - 表示说话时正在进行的动作。
     • 原型： be动词 (am/is/are) + 动词的-ing形式
   • 现在完成时 (Present Perfect): "I have already marinated the chicken." - 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成了影响（鸡肉已经腌好了）。
     • 原型： have/has + 动词的过去分词

2. 祈使句 (Imperative Sentences):

   • "Could you chop these...?" - 表示客气的请求。
   • "Just dice them..." - 表示直接的指令。

3. 宾语补足语 (Object Complement):

   • "I love how tender the meat gets..." - "the meat gets tender" 整个从句作为 "love" 的宾语，说明喜欢的具体内容。

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场景二：烘焙尝试 (Baking Attempt)

Characters:

• Chris: 有经验的烘焙者
• Daisy: 新手，在学习

Dialogue:

• Daisy: This dough seems too sticky. What should I do?

• Chris: You might have added too much water. Sprinkle some more flour on it and knead it again.

• Daisy: Like this? I hope it turns out crispy.

• Chris: For this bread, we want it soft, not crispy. Did you preheat the oven?

• Daisy: Oh no, I forgot! I'll set it to 180 degrees now.

• Chris: Good. While that's heating up, let's grease the baking tray with a little oil. If we don't, the bread will stick to it.

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场景二语法讲解与原型

1. 情态动词 (Modal Verbs):

   • "You might have added too much water." - 表示对过去情况的推测。
     • 原型： might + have + 过去分词
   • "What should I do?" - 征求意见。
     • 原型： should + 动词原形

2. 时态 (Tenses):

   • 一般将来时 (Simple Future): "I'll set it to 180 degrees now." - 表示即将要做的事情。
     • 原型： will + 动词原形
   • 一般过去时 (Simple Past): "Did you preheat the oven?" - 询问过去是否做了某事。
     • 原型： Did + 主语 + 动词原形？

3. 从句 (Clauses):

   • 时间状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Time): "While that's heating up, let's..." - 表示主句动作发生的时间。
     • 原型： While + 主语 + 谓语...
   • 条件状语从句 (Adverbial Clause of Condition): "If we don't, the bread will stick to it." - 表示假设条件及其结果。
     • 原型： If + 主语 + 谓语（一般现在时）， 主语 + will + 动词原形。（主将从现）

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场景三：饭后清理与评价 (After-meal Cleanup & Comments)

Characters:

• Mom
• Dad

Dialogue:

• Mom: That was a delicious meal. The fish was perfectly steamed, and the sauce wasn't too salty.

• Dad: Thanks! I used a new recipe that called for a squeeze of lemon juice and a pinch of black pepper.

• Mom: It worked really well. Could you please put the leftovers in the refrigerator? I'll load the dishwasher.

• Dad: Sure. Before you do that, could you scrape the leftover bits into the bin? This is the container that we use for food waste.

• Mom: Of course. I've always thought that a good meal is one that is both savory and easy to clean up after!

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场景三语法讲解与原型

1. 时态 (Tenses):

   • 一般过去时 (Simple Past): "I used a new recipe..." - 描述过去发生的动作。
   • 现在完成时 (Present Perfect): "I've always thought that..." - 表示从过去持续到现在的想法。
     • 原型： have/has + 过去分词

2. 被动语态 (Passive Voice):

   • "The fish was steamed..." - 强调动作的承受者（鱼），而不是执行者。
     • 原型： be动词 + 动词的过去分词

3. 定语从句 (Attributive Clause):

   • "...a new recipe that called for..." - "that" 引导的从句修饰 "recipe"。
     • 原型： 名词 + that/which + 谓语...
   • "This is the container that we use..." - "that" 引导的从句修饰 "container"。（关系代词that在从句中作宾语，可省略）
   • "...a good meal is one that is both savory and..." - "that" 引导的从句修饰 "one"（指代 meal）。
     • 原型： ...one that + 谓语... （这里的that在从句中作主语，不可省略）

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场景四：厨房小麻烦 (Kitchen Mishaps)

Characters:

• Lily: 公寓室友
• Mark: 另一个室友

Dialogue:

• Lily: Oh no! Look at the mess I've made! I was frying some eggs, and the oil splattered everywhere. The stove is a disaster.

• Mark: Don't worry. Here, use this spatula to put the eggs on the plate. I'll get a cloth to wipe the stove.

• Lily: Thanks. And could you pass me the salt? I completely forgot to season them.

• Mark: Sure. Be careful, the handle of this pan is very hot. If I were you, I'd use that oven mitt.

• Lily: Good point. I wish our extractor fan was stronger; it would have prevented all this pungent smoke.

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场景四语法讲解与原型

1. 感叹句 (Exclamatory Sentence):

   • "Look at the mess I've made!" - 以动词原形Look开头，表示一种强烈的感叹或提醒。

2. 宾语从句 (Object Clause):

   • "Look at the mess (that) I've made!" - 这是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰the mess。原型是 "the mess that I have made"。

3. 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood):

   • "If I were you, I'd use that oven mitt." - 表示与现在事实相反的假设。If I were you是固定用法，表示“如果我是你的话”。
     • 原型： If + 主语 + 动词的过去式 (be动词用were)， 主语 + would/could/should + 动词原形。
   • "I wish our extractor fan was stronger; it would have prevented..." - I wish后面的从句用过去时 (was)，表示对现在情况的愿望。后半句是表示对过去情况的虚拟 (would have prevented)。
     • 原型： I wish + 主语 + 动词的过去式 (表示对现在的愿望)。主语 + would have + 过去分词 (表示对过去的虚拟)。

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场景五：尝试新菜谱 (Trying a New Recipe)

Characters:

• Sarah: 正在照着菜谱做饭
• Tom: 她的朋友，在旁边看

Dialogue:

• Sarah: Okay, the first thing (that) we need to do is to grate this cheese.

• Tom: Let me do that. I can use the grater. What's next?

• Sarah: Next, we have to make the sauce. It says here that we should mix the mayonnaise, mustard, and vinegar in that bowl.

• Tom: It smells very tangy. Should I add all of the black pepper?

• Sarah: Hold on! You'd better taste it first. Adding too much spice at once is a common mistake that many beginners make.

• Tom: You're right. This tastes amazing already! I'm going to make this every week!

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场景五语法讲解与原型

1. 定语从句 (Attributive Clause):

   • "...the first thing (that) we need to do..." - (that) we need to do 是定语从句，修饰 the first thing，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
   • "...a common mistake that many beginners make." - that many beginners make 是定语从句，修饰 mistake。

2. 动名词作主语 (Gerund as Subject):

   • "Adding too much spice at once is a common mistake..." - 动名词短语 Adding too much spice 在句子中充当主语。
     • 原型： Verb-ing + ... + 谓语动词...

3. 引语从句 (Reported Speech Clause):

   • "It says here that we should mix..." - that 引导的从句是says的内容，作宾语。
     • 原型： It says/suggests/recommends that + 从句 (主语 + should + 动词原形)。

4. 感官动词 (Sense Verbs):

   • "It smells very tangy." / "This tastes amazing..." - smell和taste是感官系动词，后面接形容词 (tangy, amazing) 作表语，描述主语的特征。

5. 时态 (Tenses):

   • 一般将来时 (表达打算): "I'm going to make this every week!" - be going to 结构表示计划和打算。
     • 原型： be动词 (am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形。